Having trouble encrypting an Arch VM root partition with dm-crypt

I have been having trouble installing Arch with LUKS enabled. First I zeroed-out the virtual drive via temporary encrypted container. I prepared a 50GB virtual drive with 1GiB EFI system partition, 4GiB swap, and remaining as a EXT4 linux filesystem. I used cryptsetup luksFormat /dev/sda3 (my EXT4 partition), cryptsetup open, and appropriately mounted the drive. I followed the instructions listed, but I have problems with the bootloader.

I first install GRUB which was detected as bootable, but when I attempted to boot I was told GRUB couldn't access root. I tried to generate an fstab despite the instructions listing that this isn't necessary yet this did not work either.

I next tried to use bootctl install, and the command did run successfully, however the entry did not show up as a boot option. I tried manually generating one via efibootmgr however selecting it did not do anything.

I tried changing the EFI option within my VM. Surprisingly turning EFI OFF led me to the bootable media screen with the Arch graphic, however EFI ON did not (I saw on another post that EFI ON should be what shows the blue Arch graphic when booting into the ISO). I do know that I should be having EFI ON.

I am using Oracle's VirtualBox to run the VM. Could there be any issues there?