kitty peed outside the litter box--will he do it again?

title. i just got him a little over a day ago, and i was going to clean his litter box today, but he ended up peeing on the carpet (prompting me to check the box, only to see that he peed and pooped A LOT more than i had thought). he was meowing a lot, but has been meowing non-stop since i got him, so i didn't realize it was about the litter box this time. this was a MASSIVE fuck-up on my part, but i immediately cleaned the box and it should be good. however, i'm worried he's going to pee outside of it again (i showed him that it was clean), in case he's now uncomfortable. thoughts?